Recommend
Official site MiCardium

Constantly high pressure: causes and consequences

High blood pressure

Experienced doctors know who most often reveals high pressure, the causes of hypertension and how it is dangerous.Mostly people of advanced age are faced with a similar problem.Distinguish between primary and symptomatic arterial hypertension.In the latter case, the pressure increases against the background of somatic pathology.

The causes of hypertension

The causes of hypertension are different.This is a pathology in which the pressure exceeds 139/89 mm RT.Art.The following risk factors are known:

  • hereditary predisposition;
  • Excess in the diet of salt;
  • abuse of fatty foods;
  • atherosclerosis of arteries;
  • diabetes mellitus;
  • Feochromocytoma;
  • dyslipidemia;
  • diseases of the central nervous system;
  • brain tumors;
  • kidney pathology;
  • primary hyperaldosteronism;
  • parathyroidism;
  • thyrotoxicosis;
  • endocrine disorders during menopause;
  • Kon syndrome;
  • aorta valve failure;
  • taking drugs;
  • alcoholism;
  • smoking;
  • poisoning with salts of heavy metals;
  • The use of hormonal contraceptives.

High blood pressure is most often detected in men and women over 55 years old.Such a disease as hypertension often develops in people with excess body weight.The causes of increased pressure include constant stress, the effect of vibration and noise, violation of the daily regime and low physical activity.

The increase in pressure is based on narrowing of the arteries or an increase in the volume of circulating blood.An important role in the regulation of the tone of blood vessels is played by the nervous and endocrine systems.The eliminated basic risk factor can improve the patient's condition.With persistent hypertension, blood pressure does not fall for a long time.

Hypertension for pheochromocytoma

Hypertension at a young age is often associated with endocrine pathology.Feochromocytoma is often diagnosed.This is a tumor formed from the cerebral substance of the adrenal glands.This pathology occurs with a frequency of 2 cases per 1 million people.Every tenth patient is a child.With pheochromocytoma, the secondary form of arterial hypertension develops.

It is found in 90% of patients.High pressure at a young age against the background of pheochromocytoma is due to the production of a tumor of catecholamines.These hormones include adrenaline and norepinephrine.They are vasoconstrictors.These hormones narrow the vessels, thereby increasing pressure.With outdoor localization of the tumor, hypertension can be poorly expressed.

The pressure rises in arteries and veins at the same time.Against the background of pheochromocytoma, heart function is disturbed.The pulse is more frequent with increased pressure.Hypertension is detected every day or it is periodic.Often the pressure reaches 250-300 mm Hg.Hypertonic crises often occur.

The cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

The causes of arterial hypertension include enhanced mineralcorticoid products.This condition is called primary hyperaldosteronism.Aldosterone is the hormone of the adrenal cortex, which is involved in maintaining water-salt metabolism in the body.This pathology is primary and secondary.The following reasons for the development of hyperaldosteronism are known:

  • burdened heredity;
  • malignant arterial hypertension;
  • narrowing of the renal arteries;
  • heart failure;
  • Barter syndrome;
  • cirrhosis;
  • sodium loss as a result of a hard diet;
  • Strong blood loss.

An increase in pressure in this endocrine pathology is due to several mechanisms.The following factors take part in the development of hypertension:

  • hyperproduction of vasopressin, catecholamines, ACTH, mineralcorticoids and endothelina;
  • increased sensitivity of arteries and heart to hormones with a hypertension effect;
  • increased reabsorption of water and sodium;
  • fluid retention;
  • an increase in the volume of circulating blood;
  • reinforcement of the heart output;
  • Increased the total peripheral resistance of the arteries.

Increased pressure in humans with hyperaldosteronism is combined with cardialgia, headache, decreased visual acuity, paresthesia, muscle weakness, edema and convulsions.In the primary form of the disease, blood pressure may increase slightly.With secondary hyperaldosteronism, it is very high.Diastolic blood pressure often exceeds 120 mm Hg.Art.It can decrease and increase again.

The cause of kidney diseases

The reasons for increasing blood pressure include renal pathology.It can be glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis, chronic pyelonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, nephrolytiasis, tuberculosis and hydronephrosis.There are parenchymal and renovascular forms of renal hypertension.

Increased heart pressure in this case is symptomatic.It is observed in the late stages.Why does blood pressure increase with kidney pathology, not everyone knows.The causes are congenital anomalies in the development of blood vessels, hyperplasia of the walls of arteries, compression, embolism, inflammation, cyst and impaired glomerulus function.

Not everyone knows why blood pressure rises with kidney diseases.The most common reason is atherosclerosis of the arteries.This occurs with a decrease in the diameter of the vessel by more than 70%.In such people, blood pressure exceeds 160/100 mm RT.Art.Symptoms such as head pain, nausea and swelling are possible.What the clinical picture depends on what does not everyone know.Symptoms are determined by the underlying disease.Increased blood pressure of renal etiology is always combined with a change in urine.

Atherosclerotic lesions of the vessels

With an increase in blood pressure, the cause often lies in atherosclerosis.Both an adult and a teenager can suffer from this ailment.The reason for increased blood pressure is a decrease in the lumen of the arteries due to the growth of atherosclerotic plaques.The following risk factors for the development of this pathology are known:

  • violation of fat metabolism (dyslipidemia);
  • elderly age;
  • improper nutrition;
  • obesity;
  • smoking;
  • low motor activity;
  • intoxication.

Most often, atherosclerosis occurs against the background of an unbalanced nutrition.Excess animal fats and carbohydrates causes deposition of low and very low density on the internal wall of the vessels.Fat spots are formed.The vessels are damaged, blood flow rate decreases.Soon, connective tissue grows and calcium salts are deposited.Plains become dense and overlap the vessel.

The cause of high blood pressure lies in a decrease in the elasticity of the arteries.Atherosclerosis is a common cause of high pressure at a young age.Reducing blood pressure in this disease is difficult to achieve.Atherosclerosis and hypertension are often combined with each other.Along with high blood pressure, symptoms such as nausea, pain in the head and chest, numbness of the limbs and cramps are observed.In severe cases, pressure can rise to critical values.

Irrational nutrition

The causes of high pressure can be associated with malnutrition.Hypertension can appear in people who are abundantly salt food.The norm of its consumption is not more than 4.5 g.Risk factors are the use of pickles, chips, smoked meats, crackers, suction of food after cooking.If you constantly eat wrong, then hypertension can develop.

The negative effect of salt on the vessels is in spasm of the arteries and fluid retention.In order not to take risks, you need to eat right.Often the pressure in people who prefer fatty foods increases.Adversely affect the vessels of animal lipids.They are found in large quantities in sausages, pork, lamb, beef, sour cream, cream, mayonnaise, egg yolk.

Palm and coconut fats badly affect the vessels.Hidden lipids are contained in confectionery.Hell can increase when overeating, abuse with fatty dishes, non -compliance with the interval, irregular nutrition.It was established that large intervals between food meals enhance the formation of fats.

With overweight, the heart and blood vessels suffer.Each extra kilogram can cause an increase in pressure by 2 mm Hg.Art.Open people are at risk in hypertension.The reason for the increase in heart pressure against the background of malnutrition can be atherosclerosis and diabetes.Fats are deposited on the walls of blood vessels, violating their cross -country ability.Why the pressure in such people does not decrease, every experienced doctor is known.

Life

With hypertension, risk factors are associated with the wrong way of life.This is a common concept, which includes the following aspects:

  • reduced motor mode;
  • exposure to stress;
  • smoking;
  • alcoholism;
  • constant stress;
  • incorrectly organized mode of work and rest;
  • Infutable sleep.

If the pressure lasts at a high level for a long time and cannot decrease, then the reason is often abused by alcohol.Alcohol leads to a persistent narrowing of blood vessels.This is achieved thanks to the influence of the heart.If a person drinks for several days, then this can increase blood pressure.Alcoholics develop persistent hypertension.

High pulse pressure is observed in smokers.The compounds included in the smoke lead to spasm of arteries and arterioles.If there is arterial hypertension, the causes may lie in stress.During emotional experiences, the release of catecholamines into the blood is intensified.They increase pressure in the temples and throughout the body.

This happens as a result of activation of the sympathetic nervous system.When stimulating the parasympathetic department, the pressure drops.All these are eliminated risk factors for arterial hypertension.The causes of increased pressure include overwork and severe sleep disturbances.Enhanced snoring leads to an increase in intra -abdominal pressure and vascular cramps.

The development of drug hypertension

Hell can rise against the background of taking some drugs.Experienced doctors know not only the causes of hypertension and how to eliminate them, but also what drugs can provoke it.The following medicines are poorly influenced by the vessels:

  • adrenomimetics;
  • sympathomy;
  • oral contraceptives;
  • tricyclic antidepressants;
  • Glucocorticoids.

With high heart pressure, the reason often lies in the reception of NSAIDs.These drugs inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins and delay the liquid in the vessels.This leads to an increase in blood pressure.Nausea is possible.Very often, pressure rises against the background of oral contraceptive.These drugs contain estrogens that stimulate the renin-angiotensin system.This is a factor that increases blood pressure.

Pathology of the nervous system

If a person has vomiting, headache and high pressure, then the cause of the nervous system may be the cause.What can cause a human hypertension, not everyone knows.High pressure can provoke:

  • encephalitis;
  • acute cerebral circulation;
  • meningitis;
  • benign and malignant brain tumors;
  • Hodo-brain injuries.

The reasons are a simple fall or blow.Risk factors include adolescence.The cause of increased cardiac pressure is a violation of the regulation of blood vessel tone.This is the basis of the development of hypertension (primary hypertension).It depends on the work of the hypothalamus and the oblong brain whether the pressure will decrease or increase.

Violation of nervous regulation occurs against the background of the effects of stressor factors.Discirculatory and dyskinetic syndromes develop.The causes of hypertension lie in the change in the hormonal background.Violation of metabolic processes, a decrease in blood flow rate, increasing its viscosity - all this leads to a thickening of blood vessels and increasing the resistance of the walls.Unprofitable hypertension develops.

Only a doctor can help such people.The risk factors of hypertension include smoking and alcoholism.In combination with a violation of the production of neurogormones, this leads to an increase in blood pressure.You need to know not only because of what hypertension occurs, but also its manifestations.With this pathology, along with high blood pressure, nausea, dizziness, head pain, frequent pulse, noise in the ears and weakness are observed.

High pressure with VSD

Every experienced doctor knows what hypertension is, the cause of its occurrence and how it is dangerous.Often a pathology as vegetative-vascular dystonia is detected.With it, it is possible to alternate periods of falling and increasing blood pressure.High pressure, combined with other signs of activation of the sympathetic department, indicates an ATC by a hypertensive type.

A youthful organism often faces this problem.The following reasons for the VSD are known:

  • fetal hypoxia;
  • generic injury;
  • emotional lability;
  • neurosis;
  • chronic diseases;
  • cervical osteochondrosis;
  • traumatic brain injuries;
  • depression;
  • hormonal restructuring;
  • puberty.

High blood pressure can last long or be short -term.Hypertension with dystonia is unstable.Pressure may decrease to normal values after eliminating the main launch factor.Hell can jump.This is observed with a mixed form of VSD.Vegeto-vascular dystonia is manifested by high blood pressure (mainly systolic), headache in the nape, sweating, heart rate, insomnia, rapid fatigue, dizziness, ears, cooling of the limbs, decreasing removal and tremors.Nausea and rapid pulse are possible.

Hypertension develops for various reasons.Subject to all medical recommendations, the pressure drops and the state of the person improves slightly.Treatment of symptomatic hypertension is aimed at the underlying disease.Be sure to prescribe a drug reducing blood pressure.Most often, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers or diuretics are prescribed.Ignoring the problem can lead to crises, stroke, heart attack, organs and other complications.